Frequently Asked Questions

1. Kon E. et al. (2018): Two-year clinical outcomes of an Autologous Protein Solution injection for knee osteoarthritis. ICRS 14th World Congress.
2. A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo [Saline]-Controlled Pilot Study of a Single, Intra-Articular Injection of Autologous Protein Solution in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Clinical Investigation Report – 36 Month, APSS-33-00, Version 1.0. 14. January 2019.† † As measured by WOMAC pain scores reported by patients continuing follow-up through 3 years (n = 19). 19 out of the original cohort of 31.
3. van der Weegen W, van Drumpt R, Toler KO, Macenski MM. (2015): Safety and outcomes following a single Autologous Protein Solution injection for knee osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study. International Cartilage Repair Society, #6471, 8-11 May, Chicago, IL.
4. Matuska A, O’Shaughnessey K, King, W., Woodell-May J. (2013): Autologous solution protects bovine cartilage explants from IL-1. and TNF.-induced cartilage degradation. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 31(12):1929-35.
5. O’Shaughnessey K, Matuska A, Hoeppner J, et al. (2014): Autologous protein solution prepared from the blood of osteoarthritic patients contains an enhanced profile of anti-inflammatory cytokines and anabolic growth factors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 32(10):1349-1355.
6. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopaedia. U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine. n.d. Web. 11 Aug. 2014. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003187.htm.
7. Nordqvist C. (2014): What Is Arthritis? What Causes Arthritis? Medical News Today. MediLexicon International. n.d. Web. 7 Aug. 2014. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7621.php
8. Osteoarthritis in General Practice: Data and Perspectives. Arthritis Research UK. 19 July 2013. n.d. Web. 8 Aug. 2015. http://www.arthritisresearchuk.org/ policy-and-public-affairs/reports- and-resources/reports.aspx
9. Arthritis of the Knee-OrthoInfo – AAOS. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. n.d. Web. 8 Aug. 2014. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00212
10. Research Joint Replacement / Knee Pain Knee Pain Overview. Knee Pain Overview: Knee Surgery, Partial/Total Knee Joint Replacements. Biomet, n.d. Web. 11 Aug. 2014. http://www.biomet.com/patients/knee_overview.cfm
11. Goldring MB. (2000): The role of the chondrocyte in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 43(9):1916-1926.
12. Krueger, P. (2009): Stages of Osteoarthritis: EHow. Demand Media. n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2014.
13. Stages of Osteoarthritis: What Everyone Should Know About the Three Stages. Health Guide Info. 24 March 2011. n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2014.
14. Bertone AL, Ishihara A, Zekas LJ, et al. (2014): Evaluation of a single intra-articular injection of Autologous Protein Solution for treatment of osteoarthritis in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 75(2):141-151.
15. Woodell-May J, Matuska A, Oyster M, et al. (2011): Autologous protein solution inhibits MMP-13 production by IL-1beta and TNF alpha-stimulated human articular chondrocytes. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 29 (9):1320-6.
16. King W, van der Weegen W, Van Drumpt R, Soons H, Toler K, Woodell-May J. (2016): White blood cell concentration correlates with increased concentration of IL-1ra and improvement in WOMAC pain scores in an open-label safety study of autologous protein solution. Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics. 3:9.
17. Public Health Agency of Canada. Osteoarthritis in Canada. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac- aspc/documents/services/publications/diseases- conditions/osteoarthritis/osteoarthritis-factsheet.pdf
18. Statistics Canada. Prevalence of osteoarthritis, by age group and site of joint pain, household population aged 20 or older diagnosed with arthritis, Canada excluding territories, 2009. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003- x/2014009/article/14087/tbl/tbl1-eng.htm
19. Canadian Institute of Health Information. Annual Report 2019. https://www.cihi.ca/sites/default/files/document/cjrr-annual-report-2019- en-web_0.pdf

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^ Laboratory studies are not necessarily indicative of clinical outcomes
* As measured by WOMAC pain scores reported by patients continuing follow-up through 3 years (n = 19).
19 out of the original cohort of 31.